Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, has never forgotten its early convict settlements. Europeans not only imprisoned men and women here, but also put them to work building many of the landmarks familiar to modern residents and tourists. They constructed the breakwater and numerous buildings. They also braved the sea which has always been a beautiful and dangerous force along the coast of Australia. There is no getting around its significance to life in Newcastle.

Curiosity around penal life might take you first to tour the Lock-Up. Threaten unruly children, even students on a school trip, with a visit to one of these tiny cells. Perhaps the padded one will inspire the most terror, or perhaps empathy. Just imagine life inside one of these. Remark over artifacts left behind, reminders of hardships endured sometimes for crimes of opinion, other times for crimes of desperation. Along with museum displays view art galleries where resident artists display their work.

In spite of an earthquake and Second World War attacks, Christ Church Cathedral still stands, a monument to resilience and also to the beginnings of Newcastle as an official city. Modern residents love their beautiful landmark. Wander inside and take note of exquisite stained glass in tall, narrow form, designed and created by Pre-Raphaelite artists. Admire the lightness of the building in contrast to many darker cathedrals, plus the fabulous Australian and Italian marble, the latter of which came in during earthquake repairs.

The Nobbys forms a landmark in Newcastle Harbour, a reassuring one with its blinking lighthouse. Vessels used to lose the wind in their sails here so the island was beheaded. Now it reminds tourists and Newcastle society in general of a long shipwreck history. Wrecks along Oyster Bank draw the horrified gaze of tourists who might spare a thought for the many lives lost here.

At Lee Wharf on Hunter River, the Maritime Centre provides heritage displays for curious individuals. Some invite an interactive approach to learning history. Meanwhile, Bogey Hole provides a curious bathing spot, built in the early nineteenth century at the whim of a high ranking gentleman. Today, citizens jump in from the cliffs or simply choose this as a good spot to soak up some rays. During bad weather, the sea rushes in here, making it a dangerous location for lazing around.

Fort Scratchley bares testimony to Australian action during World War Two. Built to withstand potential Russian attack in the 1870s, guns were fired from here during the later conflict of over sixty years ago. See the guns for yourself, take a tour of the displays, or join a guided tour. Apart for military history, one also has the opportunity to look out over Newcastle from above. Enjoy views of the harbour, city landmarks, plus sightings of whales and dolphins if you are lucky.

Visitors are spoiled with so many places to eat out. Find a light bite or a full meal, plus coffee and plenty of pubs for a summer sipper. Small shopping precincts are lined with cafes, pubs and shops. Step into art galleries, find some souvenirs from your trip, and meet new people over a drink.

For accommodation, choose to stop in the city or nearby suburbs. Options include budget lodgings for backpackers, resorts for families, or spas for some serious relaxation. If you like Australian wine, try staying at a vineyard, its tranquility forming the backdrop for a restful night.

Related Historical Weather Articles

In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were assigned the task of exploring the land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. Their trek led them westward along the Missouri River, taking them all the way across the country to the Pacific coast and back.

Part of their trip took them through what is now Great Falls, Montana. Today you can find the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Interpretive Center in Great Falls. This impressive center boasts 25,000 square feet of indoor exhibition and theater space, as well as an education room and a souvenir shop. The purpose of the center is to educate the public about the Lewis and Clark Expedition, showing the tribulations and dangers of the cross-country trek as well as the positive aspect of new exploration.

On your visit to the Lewis and Clark Interpretation Center, you might start with the thirty-minute introductory video before exploring the exhibition hall. There are live programs, such as the Interpretive Short Talks held indoors or outdoors depending on weather, and special seasonal events.

From here, you may want to venture outdoors to the hiking trails, where you can views of regional wildlife and vegetation. There is a specific trail for wheelchair and bicycle access as well. One of the paved paths leads from the center to the Missouri River along with a nature trail that leads to nearby Giant Springs State Park. Another paved trail connects the center to the RiverÆs Edge Trails, which are 25 miles of trail along the Missouri River in Great Falls. There is a pedestrian-only trail that circles the center grounds, showing off gorgeous bluffs and allowing for views of prairie vegetation and wildlife. Yet another pedestrian trail descends into the riverside nature trail.

You can enjoy the center and its beautiful scenery year round. The changing colors of the leaves and migration of waterfowl make for a lovely trip in the fall. During the winter, bald eagles return to the area, and Canadian geese swim the river. With the thawing of spring come the songbirds and pelicans, and the wildflowers begin to bloom. Wildflowers and berries are abundant in the summertime.

The Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center is open year round, from 9am to 6pm daily Memorial Day Weekend through September 30th. From October 1st through Memorial Day Weekend, they are open from 9am to 5pm Tuesday through Saturday and on Sunday from 12pm until 5pm. Adult admission is , and children 15 years or younger get in for free. Group tours and school field trips are always welcome.

Some other California tourist destinations may differ, but explorer Richard Henry Dana — who discovered it — pronounced Dana Point “the only romantic cove in California.” Nowadays you might find some folks who would beg to differ, but all can agree that this magical part of the California coast is one of the most picturesque spots in Southern California. Blessed with near-perfect weather and a proximity to a whole guidebook-full of tourist attractions, Dana Point today is a popular getaway for people from all over the state. It’s hard to imagine, but at the turn of the 19th century Dana Point was the only major harbor between San Diego and Santa Barbara. Forget Long Beach, San Pedro and all the rest. Dana point was to be your destination if you happened to be traveling by ship to this general area. The same harbor that attracted those earlier mariners is still very much a port of call, but leaning more toward pleasure craft with its 2,500 slips that are usually occupied with a wide selection of expensive yachts and small boats that would make any Boat Show proud. The Dana Point Marina, of course, becomes the centerpiece to the area and the focus of pictures and paintings that are readily available in local gift shops. But wait, there’s more. There just happen to be several fine public beaches in the area, a plethora of good restaurants, a historic mission and, in nearby Laguna, great shopping, a vibrant arts community and enough Orange County chic to make you feel like you are living in an episode of the OC. It was a quick drive to Dana Point from our home near San Diego – a 45-mile drive and less than an hour. Residents of most areas near Los Angeles also can make it to Dana Point in less than 90 minutes. This is one reason the area has become a popular getaway – a great location that’s easy to reach. For Northern California residents, it’s just a little bit farther south than L.A. Our base of operations was the Laguna Cliffs Marriott Resort and Spa, an impressive resort built on the cliffs overlooking the Dana Point Harbor. All of the services and amenities you would expect were there – a couple of resort-style restaurants, pools, Jacuzzis, tennis, a new 2,500-square-foot fitness center and a new .5 million spa offering a host of services including massages, body treatments and salon services. This 376-room resort had the feel of a comfortable beach hotel you might find in Hawaii. While the beach in this instance is a 15-minute walk, the hotel’s spacious rooms are done in bright, well-coordinated tropical colors. On the walls are five-foot-high paintings of boats and beaches and surfers, all reminding you just where you are. If you’re fortunate – as we were – to be in one of the coastal view rooms, your private lanai will overlook a portion of the harbor and coastline. This view probably will vary quite a lot from room to room, so if that’s a major reason for staying here, be sure to be specific when you make your reservations. The grounds also are reminiscent of some Hawaii properties – lots of well manicured palm trees and walkways on a tropically well endowed 42 acres. That acreage includes a park adjacent to the hotel where you can find rolling lawns, picnic tables, walking paths and great ocean views from the cliffs. And one other little thing we noticed about the Laguna Cliffs Marriott: the beds are more comfortable than most hotels we’ve visited. For some reason, even some of the finest resort hotels seem to favor a harder mattress. Not here – these beds were just pliant enough to afford us a restful, undisturbed sleep. Any visit to Dana Point will involve some time exploring the marina. It’s not just a bunch of boats – a whole village has grown up dockside to offer tourist shopping and places to enjoy lunch or dinner. Some 25 shops and 20 restaurants are open in Dana Wharf, Mariners Village and Mariners Alley. But the boats are a big part of it – it’s fun strolling along the docks, daydreaming about owning one of these beautiful craft. For those not content to stay on the shore, there are charter fishing companies at Dana Point that will take you out fishing – or just out to see the annual migration of whales. If you’re able to spend an extra day or two, the Catalina Express offers direct service to Catalina for a day, or for an overnight stay on the island. Just south from the marina is 62-acre Doheny State Beach Park with more than a mile of prime California beach. Also in the area are Salt Creek Beach Park and Strands Beach, both popular surfing spots where you can get a good look at the local beach culture. One reason Dana Point is popular with visitors is that there are so many interesting diversions in the immediate area. Just hop in your car and, within 15 minutes, you’ll find a completely new experience. For example, just up the road is Laguna Beach. One tipoff: they named a TV show after this beach enclave, so it’s not really your ordinary beach town. This is a place dotted with zillion-dollar homes and ocean views to match. Along the long and winding highway through Laguna, you’re apt to encounter the chic – as well as the cheap. Perfectly dressed, blonde-haired, model-shaped young professionals shop in the local art houses, while down at the beach you’ll find full-time surf bums who are less concerned with money than relishing the endless California summer. Spin the compass in another direction and you’ll find, just four miles away, the famous town of San Juan Capistrano. Known for the punctual return each year of the swallows, this town was built around its equally famous mission. Inside the 10-acre Mission San Juan Capistrano compound, visitors enjoy a respite from the everyday world as they walk down quiet paths through lush gardens and view historic buildings dating back to the late 18th Century. It should be obvious by now: the romantic cove that Richard Henry Dana found in 1818 has turned into much more than just a pretty place. Young brides do flock to local resorts like the Laguna Cliffs Marriott to brand their wedding pictures with the indelible charm of Dana’s discovery. But plenty of everyday travelers also have found the area appealing — whether they’re feeling romantic or not. AT A GLANCE WHERE: Dana Point is conveniently located about half way between San Diego and Los Angeles, and is within easy driving distance of Orange County coastal attractions as well as theme parks further inland. WHAT: Dana Point is one of the most picturesque settings in Southern California and offers a getaway than can be as quiet as laying on a beach, or as active as visiting Disneyland or Knotts Berry Farm. WHEN: Any time of year. The ocean water is warmer in summer and boating will be better with warmer air temperatures; however, even in winter, temperatures are mild and days are sunny. WHY: Dana Point is ideally located, yet unique in its natural beauty. HOW: For more information on the Laguna Cliffs Marriott Resort and Spa, call (949) 661-5000 or visit www.lagunacliffs.com.

Historic Importance of Orion/Taurus Sky Region to the Ancients

From the beginning of civilisation man has been enamoured with a region of the sky encompassing Orion and Taurus. According to German researcher Dr Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich a Magdalenian picture depicts the Pleiades, Hyades and Taurus. It appears to also represent the three stars of Orion’s belt. Recent evidence shows many cave paintings were added to in Magdalenian times but started back in 32000 BC.

Anyone who has spent some time looking at the night sky can see why ancient man was fascinated by this region and Ockham’s razor would give this as the simplest explanation. That would be the end of this investigation if it weren’t for a number of clues.

The Magdalenian star map gives one such clue. In the line of sight of the bull, in between Taurus and Orion, there is an X. This would not be of any significance if it weren’t for the fact it is in the position of a nearby star that is potentially habitable (Gliese 201, distance 48 light years). Within 50 light years of Earth there are some 200 stars that have a luminosity great than that of a red dwarf. Many of these are too bright and would probably not exist long enough to harbor life. Others would be too faint and require too close an orbit to the star. Many are close orbiting binaries that would disrupt the evolution of planets. Some stars have highly variable luminosity. Finally some stars are relatively young, which is not the case with our candidate star.

Thus it can be estimated that to 50 light years there would be approximately 70 stars suitable for life as we know it. If evenly spaced, each would occupy a region of sky 26 degrees in diameter. This is approximately the area of the entire constellation of Taurus plus the top half of Orion. If one allows for a latitude of error of 5 degrees for the location, which is fairly pessimistic, the odds were 25 to 1 against a suitable star being at the location of the X.

A sculpture found in Germany and dating to 32500 to 38000 BC has been interpreted by Dr Michael Rappenglueck as a picture of Orion. This is based on the shape and the proper motion of a particular star within Orion. The sculpture has 48 to 52 notches on the back (The distance in light years to Gliese 201).

Gliese 201 is a distant member of a quadruple star system. The other three much closer orbiting stars are designated as 111 Tauri a, b and c. This is a third clue as the X on the Magdalenian star map is composed of 4 non-touching lines.

This would all be rather speculative if it weren’t for certain written evidence pointing towards this region of the sky.

From the dead sea scrolls, in Aramaic, the constellation of Orion was known as Nephila. Orion’s descendants were known as Nephilim The well known bible passage states:

“Now it came about, when men began to multiply on the face of the land, and daughters were born to them, that the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose. Then the Lord said, “My Spirit shall not strive with man forever, because he also is flesh; nevertheless his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.” The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown”

Dating to the old kingdom of Egypt from the pyramid texts we have:

“The celestial portal to the horizon is opened to you. And the gods are joyful at meeting you. They take you to the sky with your soul…You are traversing the winding waterway (milky-way) as a star crossing the sea. The Duat has grasped your hand at the place where Orion is, the bull of the sky (Taurus) has given you his hand.”

Gliese 201 is in the left hand of Orion on the Aurignacian Orion man carving.

The 3 pyramids of Giza have been associated with Orion’s belt by Robert Bauval. They also have a remarkable relationship with the terrestrial planets, ordered in the ground plan in accordance with their size. The masses of the pyramids of Khufu, Khafra and Menkhaura multiplied by 1 million billion equals the masses of the Earth, Venus and Mars respectively, with an error of less than 7%. The pyramids of Mexico represent the sun and moon so it would not be unreasonable to assume the Giza pyramids also represent our nearest planets.

The identification of the pyramids with 4th dynasty pharaohs, based on the supposed discoveries of Wiesse has been challenged successfully before and will not be pursued further here. The inventory stella is more likely to be a true history of the Giza necropolis states (with interpretations in brackets)

“Long live The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khufu, given life He found the house of Isis (The supposed sphinx temple and clearly covered in sand at the time of Khufu and so ancient already), Mistress of the Pyramid (Thus at least one great pyramid supposedly built by Khufu, Khafra or Menkaura existed already and was attributed to Isis), by the side of the hollow of Hwran (The Sphinx) and he built his pyramid (satellite pyramid to great pyramids or more likely pyramid in front of the temple) beside the temple of this goddess and he built a pyramid for the King’s daughter Henutsen beside this temple (further satellite pyramid to great pyramids or more likely pyramids in front of the temple). The place of Hwran Horemakhet (The Khafra temple) is on the South side of the House of Isis, Mistress of the pyramid (as is the case). He restored the statue, all covered in painting, of the guardian of the atmosphere, who guides the winds with his gaze. He replaced the back part of the Nemes head-dress, which was missing with gilded stone.(Proof the sphinx existed before Khufu) The figure of this god, cut in stone, is solid and will last to eternity, keeping its face looking always to the East”

If the Khafra pyramid was associated with Isis and Venus, it would seem logical to associate the Khufu pyramid with Osiris (Earth) and the Menkaura pyramid with Horus (Mars). The ancient Egyptian name for Mars was Horus of the horizon or Horus the red. The Egyptian name for the pyramid was Hur.

While there may or may not be evidence of Egyptian civilisation further back than 5000 BC, there are certainly written records that take us back to the times of the Aurignacians and almost to the dawn of of our common ancestor.

Diodorus the Greek, according to Egyptian priests, gives a date of 10000 to 23000 BC as the date of Osiris.

There are a number of written records of the ancient God/King lists of Egypt that allude to dates as far back as 39600 BC for the reigns. It would be useful to examine these records to determine to what extent they match known events of pre-history. The dates given in table 1 below are by their nature approximate.

There have been attempts by Robert Bauval to deduce the significance of the alignment of the star shafts of the great pyramid. This has been confounded by the enormous time span between supposed alignment of the belt of Orion circa 2400 BC and the alignment of Leo to the East in 10500 BC. This would seem to be an unrealistically long time.

Analysing the architecture scientifically a very different conclusion can be reached. Through the eons many alignments with the southern star shafts are possible. The way to calibrate the system would be to find out when the brightest star in Leo aligns and see if this has any significance. The sphinx points East and is generally accepted to represent Leo rising. Regulus, which is located at the paw of Leo, aligns with the queen’s southern star shaft in 13650 BC and prior to that in 39395 BC. As seen in the dates in table 1, these were significant times for Egypt. The next observation would be to determine which star is transiting the queen’s southern star shaft while Regulus is rising in the East. In 13650 BC, remarkably this is the Tauri 111 and Gliese 201 system. In 39395 BC, due to the relative motion of the stars, the correlation with the star shafts is even more exact, although Tauri 111 culminates 10 minutes before Regulus rises in the East. A further observation is that Aldebaran, the brightest star in Taurus, transits the king’s southern star shaft.

13650 BC was the approximate time of arrival of the Magdalenian art and agriculture in Egypt, the beginning of the first cold snap, the commencement of the reign of kings according to Manetho and the reigns of the Followers of Horus according to the Turin Papyrus. 39395 BC is the approximate time of the arrival of Aurignacian culture in Europe and North Africa and the start date of the king lists.

Table 1: Key historic dates relevant to the discussion

50000 BC Origin of common ancestor in Africa

43000 to 36000 BC Arrival in Europe and North Africa of Aurignacians.

38000 BC Aurignacian art

36500 BC Ra, Osiris etc. The start of Egyptian dynasties if total years used. (Manetho)

36600 BC Rules before Followers of Horus started. (39600 BC if dynasties excluded) (Turin papyrus) . > 39000 BC date attributed to Herodotus, based on precession.

15300 BC From the Turin Papyrus, the kings of the North

14500 BC Demi-Gods (Manetho)

13500 BC Possible arrival of Magdalenian art and beginning of agriculture in Egypt, which ended 10500 BC.

13400 BC From Turin Papyrus, Followers of Horus if dynasties included

13200 BC Kings (Manetho)

13000 BC Peak of Magdelenian art.

13000 BC Cold snap

12000 BC 1st flood (40 meters)

10500 BC 2nd cold snap

9600 BC From Plato date of destruction of Atlantis by flood

9600 BC 2nd flood (40 meters)

9500 BC Spirits of the dead (reign of 5813 years Manetho)

Before 8000 BC end of cave painting. Break in period of art of 5 to 6 millenia

The sphinx dates to before 5000 BC due to rain weathering. The great pyramid mortar dates to 3800 BC, but this may be repair work.

6500 BC 3rd Cold snap,

5500 BC 3rd flood (15 meters)

5000 to 3500 BC Pre-Dynastic Egypt

The Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentive program works with the private ownership of residential and commercial buildings that bring a bit of history and culture to the cities they grace. These buildings are proudly protected by congress with tax incentives for their maintenance and restoration so that future generations may enjoy them.

The government offers a tax credit, rather than a tax deduction for the upkeep of historical buildings under the protection code. Unlike a tax deduction, which is subtracted from the tax statement, a tax credit is designed to lower the income tax bill. Congress sets forth a percentage of tax credits for each historical structure, but has been known to increase the tax benefits on certified historical buildings when weather conditions or natural disasters have made the restoration process more costly.

The federal government works in conjunction with the Department of the Interior, National Park Service and the State Historic Preservation Office in each state. A 20 percent tax credit is standard procedure for most structures that are deemed certified by the state officers.

A building may earn a certified historic structure status on a case by case evaluation upon submission of a Part 1 application to the State Historic Preservation Office. The designated officials will evaluate the building’s significance and grant a certified standing when it is due. However, historic buildings that are already included on the National Registry of Historic Places may waive the Part 1 application process. To qualify, the structure must meet a “building” definition, to exclude railways, dams, ships and bridges.

To earn a 20 percent rehabilitation tax credit, the owner of the structure must follow a strict set of guidelines to ensure the original character of the building is not destroyed or replaced. This would include using only approved materials to rehabilitate the interior and exterior of the building to maintain its unique appearance from antiquity. Once the work is completed, a detailed description of the restoration must be filed on Part 2, and only those restorations that have followed the historical rehabilitation guidelines to the letter of the law will be approved for the tax credit.

The National Park Service works closely with the Internal Revenue Service to evaluate the restoration workmanship and grant a tax credit to qualified projects. There is, however, a fee of 0 attached to the application process, except in cases where the projected restoration costs are under ,000. The application fees are attached to the initial paperwork at registration, and again required at the closing of the restoration review.

It is critical to get all the assistance you can before starting your restoration process to ensure that your efforts will be crowned with success. The State Historical Preservation Office has an abundant source of information and guidelines that should be explored before you submit your application fees. To ensure that the work you have planned will be approved and that you are provided with a road map to keep the costs down, check with the government satellite offices in your state for assistance.

Yale Resources Reevaluates Historic La Verde Grande

By Chris Shaw

Yale Resources (TSX-V:YLL) has added a promising new project to its growing Mexican portfolio by acquiring 100% of the La Verde Grande Cu-Zn-Ag-Au Mine, as per their June 25th press release. The mine property consists of six contiguous concessions that total approximately 300 hectares, as well as the nearby La Verdecita and El Picacho (on strike with la Verde Grande) prospects, both of which saw limited production in the early 1900′s. The company has also staked 1,900 hectares of prospective ground surrounding this area to cover additional skarn and porphyry potential.

Ian Foreman, P.Geo., is the Qualified Person in charge of the project. He has been president of Yale for over two years. Before that, he was consulting for the company. “I’ve been part of the team, and now what I want to do is I want to replicate that by being at the helm of Yale.” Foreman has worked on a series of large projects, from the grassroots stage to production, and has extensive experience in Peru and Mexico. He was a key part of the team that put a large 1,000 ton mine (the Santa Rose in Peru) into production.

The La Verde Grande is located 45 km northwest of Hermosillo, Sonora, and is well-situated in terms of infrastructure. It is 2km from a paved road and the power grid. The geology consists of an overall system of skarn bodies and veins. Host rocks are a thick sequence of metamorphosed limestones that are locally intruded by granite and monzonite porphyries, dykes, and mineralized aplite dykes. Garnetized limestone hosts the most significant mineralization.

Historical sampling within the 2,000 feet (~ 610 m) of old workings at the La Verde Grande Mine (which saw operation in the 1900s and the 1960s) demonstrates the great potential of the property. Grades reported by the Consejo de Recursos Minerales were: 2.06 % copper, 1.91 % zinc, 33.07 g/t silver and 0.3 g/t gold for the upper workings and 2.54 % copper, 0.76 % zinc, 132.59 g/t silver and 0.3 g/t gold for the lower workings. As the deposit is at surface, the company anticipates that it could be exploitable by open pit methods.

So far, the company’s technical team has identified key factors that encourage further exploration of the property. First, the property contains old adits and workings that bear examination. Second, access roads have been identified. Third, anomalies have been identified on geophysical maps.

There are certain steps involved in assessing the value of a past producer. The first is to determine the state of the workings. Old workings provide excellent sampling opportunities. “You’ve got the small mines, you’ve got the waste dumps that are out of the mines, and you’ve got the walls of the mines,” said Foreman. Then, old data needs to be compiled and digitized. Next, a technologically current sampling program must be planned and carried out to synthesize the data with the physical evidence in order to determine the size of the overall reserve.

The workings at the La Verde Grande are in good condition – and are all open and dry. Yale’s plan is to sample the old workings and to evaluate the data to determine future diamond drill targets. “We have a mountain of data from past operators that we’re going through,” said Foreman. The company has purchased the complete historical database from Scorpio Mining Corp., who held an option on the property from 1999-2002. On this basis, a ‘ground-truthing’ program, consisting of sampling, – and ultimately diamond drilling, can be carried out efficiently.

There are certain similarities between the La Verde Grande and BC’s Craigmont mine, which started life as a skarn deposit, and with deep drilling became one of the most profitable mines in Canadian history.

Foreman noticed Cu-Mo mineralization on his first visit to the property. Even with desert weathering conditions, modern IP surveys are very good at detecting weathered Cu-Mo deposits. These can be huge – and very profitable. Any indication of a major Cu-Mo deposit will attract the attention of the world’s biggest mining companies, such as Freeport-McMoRan, and Teck Cominco.

Foreman is keeping an eye on the big picture. “The geologic maps that we have, have no real evidence of large porphyries in this area. But we do know that Freeport-McMoRan drilled 8 holes, essentially on a 1 km spacing, and each hole intersected mineralized porphyry. So there’s a significant porphyry at the NE corner of our property that trends off our property. It’s anomalously mineralized and we still have yet to truly determine the size and scope of that porphyry. No drilling has been done in the core of the claims. Very limited reverse circulation drilling was done in the vicinity of the La Verde Grande mine.”

With his aggressive, fiscally conservative outlook, Foreman presents a unified message to investors: “The compelling thing that we’re doing is we’re bringing in high-potential projects, with Urique, Zacatecas, Carol, and particularly La Verde – we’ve got home run shots…we’re a growth story.”

The easiest way to find more ore, as the old geologists say, is – ‘Follow the ore.’ Yale Resources is working diligently to do just that.

“Our focus is to put a project to the point where we have a production decision…we, in the short term, have to find as good a portfolio of projects possible,” he added. The company has three other projects in Mexico – the Zacatecas, the Urique, and the Carol properties. Diamond drilling is underway at Zacatecas.

This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a recommendation to buy stock in any company. Although the author has made efforts to verify the information contained herein, the accuracy of all the information cannot be guaranteed. As always, it is recommended that you commit considerable time to completing your due diligence before buying stocks in publicly traded companies. A fee has been paid for the creation and distribution of this article.

More Historical Weather Articles

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History is a strange and vast subject going back literally to the beginning not only of man’s time on earth but his earth as well. It is with the intension of mentioning some of lesser known facts of history though perhaps more interesting ones that I opted to write this article.

There is a sign of anger that is given by many to others through out the world which is that of showing the back of one’s hand while lifting the middle finger while keeping the other down; this action is commonly referred to as “giving the finger”. Most are aware of what the significance of this sign is but how many are aware of where the origins of this gesture lie and why it is the middle finger which was chosen for such a display and not another.

The answer to this lies in the fact that the middle finger is the strongest finger the hand has to offer; there for it is the one which is used by archers when shooting arrows. Till riffles and other such firing weapons were developed; archers played an important part of the military and it was because of this that it was a common practice of the middle age when ever an archer was captured to cut of his middle finger so he could no longer practice his trade. However it did happen on one historical occasion that an archer was captured but managed to escape before having his middle finger severed and after having done so; he from a safe distance showed those who had been his captors his middle finger in a symbol of defiance to show that he still had it. Of course today this sign is still given but however today it has taken on a new meaning but for those wishing to know its origins they may look back to that archer who had the boldness to show that he still had his middle finger.

O.K. is a very common expression used by many people all over the world even in none English speaking countries though where did it come from? The answer to this query lies in President Andrew Johnson who by virtue of being Lincoln’s vice-president took on the post of President of the United States when a bullet fired by J.W. Booth claimed Lincoln’s life at Ford’s Theater. Upon becoming President it turned out that Johnson was not exactly a man of letter as he when ever asked to approve of a document would say that it was “all correct”. With time his knowledge of how words were spelt or in his case lack of which lead him to believe that “all” was spelt with an “o” and correct with a “k” there for he had a stamp made out for himself with the initials “O.K.” which he thought stood for “all correct”.    

Many times it happens that people repeat a gesture or an expression not really knowing why or from where it comes from; for instance to many people the term “middle ages” is one used to classify the time between the fall of the Roman empire and the renaissance. This being why it is called the middle ages but however this expression originally was not used as a name for that time in history which is also sometimes referred to as the “Dark Ages” but the time we are living in now.

Why now some may ask and the answer would be such. In the bible it is written that Jesus Christ will come back in what would be “the second coming” and since Jesus has already come but has yet to return, this is why the Vatican came up with the expression the “Middle Ages”. This meaning the time that we are living now according to this logic; as we find ourselves between the first coming of Christ and the second coming which of course no one really knows precisely when it will be. So we can say if this be the reasoning that guides us that we are still in the “Middle Ages” though hopefully not in the “dark ages”.

When most people hear the term “a comedy” to describe a film or book they think of a piece that is funny or humorous but originally the word comedy was not made in reference to something that had to be funny but to describe any piece mostly theatrical in the time of ancient Greece that did not end tragically. This being because in ancient Greece most of the early plays were tragedies so it come to be called that anything that was not tragic regardless of weather it was humorous or not was labeled as a comedy. Of course with time this word came to be used exclusively in reference to what can be considered funny or even hilarious.

As a final example of these words which through time took on a whole new meaning I will give the word “humanities” which most people use to describe subjects one may study connected to develop what some would call the left side of the brain such as the arts, languages, literature and so on but this again was not the original intension of those who thought up this word. The expression “humanistic” was one originally used in the renaissance to describe any subject which one studied that was not connected to God or religion, as their was a time when the only thing one could study in European Universities was theology or religion. With this being the case any subject that dealt with humans and not God such as science or even mathematics which today we would never think of as being associated with the humanities was referred to as such.

In conclusion I would like to state that sometimes it can be interesting and even useful to know where those expressions we use so often; almost on a daily bases come from as it may be just fun to know and educational as well.

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The first to fourth arrondissements form the heart of Paris on the Seine River’s right bank and include the two Parisian islands. Les Halles was the city’s central market, covered in 1183. Read Zola’s 1873 novel The Belly of Paris for a timeless picture of this unique setting unfortunately demolished in 1971 and replaced by a huge underground modern shopping center. Chatelet-Les-Halles is the world’s largest underground transportation station. It serves three quarters of a million passengers daily. The Louvre Museum annually greets over eight million tourists, the most of any art museum in the word. Besides Mona Lisa and Venus de Milo it contains another four hundred thousand objects. Be sure to see the Tuileries Garden and the Comedie-Francaise. Nearby is the Hotel Ritz, the last stop for Dodi Al-Fayed and Princess Diana before their tragic 1997 demise.

The second arrondissement is home to Paris’s remaining glazed commercial arcades, Parisian adaptations of Oriental bazaars and souks that form a miniature city free from noise, traffic, and inclement weather in which window-shopping developed into yet another Parisian art form. They evolved (degenerated) into the suburban shopping center. Visit at least one arcade to get a taste of Paris in the days of old.

The Grand Boulevards form a long arc running west to east from the Church of the Madeleine to the Bastille. Once the hangout for Paris’s upper crust they still form a distinctive, often lively part of the city. The actual street name changes from Boulevard Madeleine, to five other names and finally to Boulevard St. Denis. Going east the boulevards traditionally get poorer and arguably more interesting.

The third arrondissement contains the northern sector of the medieval Marais district; the fourth arrondissement contains the livelier southern part. The Marais was marshland first cleared in the Twelfth Century. In the Sixteenth Century the aristocracy built beautiful residences there. The Marais took a real hit when the court moved to Versailles. But this area was not highly affected by Baron Haussmann’s urban redevelopment. You should see the Carnavalet Museum, devoted to the history of Paris. Paris’s oldest square, the Place des Vosges, was built by Henri IV as the Place Royale.

The Ile de la Cite (Cite Island) was already inhabited in the First Century B.C. by a Gallic tribe known as the Parisii who gave their name to the city. Georges Pompidou Centre built in the nineteen seventies near the Halles Market and the Marais contains a library, the National Modern Art Museum with works by Kandinsky, Matisse, Miro, Picasso, and much more. You either love the building or you hate it because of its very distinct (ugly) architecture with pipes on the outside.

Charles de Gaulle spoke from City Hall on August 25, 1944 when Paris was liberated. The rue des Francs-Bourgeois with its many fashion stores is one of the rare Paris streets open on Sunday. Even if you don’t regularly tour churches see the French Gothic Notre Dame de Paris on the Ile de la Cite, one of the world’s most beautiful churches. Construction took almost two centuries, and frankly was worth it. During the French Revolution, many of its treasures were either destroyed or plundered. Central Paris is home to several historic churches, but if you ask me none of them are in the same league as Notre Dame de Paris.

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From every media source we are challenged to find a way of living that will ensure the longevity and health of our environmental, economic, and social resources. We all want to do our part, but the plethora of information about “green” living, “green” technologies and “green” architecture can be overwhelming. Lucky for those of us with historic Florida homes, our houses were built with many environmentally friendly assets that help us reduce energy consumption. Prior to the introduction of air conditioning, Florida builders used techniques that “green” designers are now advocating, such as deep covered porches and wide eaves, window awnings and shutters, and operable windows. While we Floridians may not be willing to turn off our air conditioners in August, these features do allow us to make the most of Florida’s more temperate seasons while reducing our energy consumption.

Front and rear porches served dual heat-related purposes for Florida homeowners prior to the introduction of air conditioning. First, they sheltered the main building from the harsh sun, reducing heat gain and protecting interior furnishings from fading. In addition, porches provided an escape from the sweltering heat inside the home, providing a sheltered space to sit out of the sun while enjoying cooling breezes.

A series of techniques were used in conjunction with windows and doors to increase cooling effects. Awnings were historically used to protect windows from direct sunlight thus helping to keep interior rooms cool. Popular from 1870 to 1930, fabric awnings were made of canvas attached to a fixed or retractable metal frame and came in several colors and patterns to accent the home’s architecture. Metal awnings and Bahama shutters were common beginning in the 1940s and original versions are still seen shading many homes.

Windows in older homes were usually operable to allow cooling breezes to enter the home. They were almost always covered with full-height screens to prevent pesky mosquito invasions. Screen doors were also installed on all exterior doors, again allowing breezes to enter the home without inviting bugs. Doors typically had covered overhangs when not already sheltered by a porch, protecting entrants from rain as well as sheltering the house from the sun.

In many early homes, sleeping porches were constructed for relief on hot summer nights. Usually located on an upper floor, these rooms typically either had rows of casement windows or screened openings to capture as much air movement as possible. As the name implies, rows of cots were set out to provide easier sleeping conditions during hot nights.

These are only a few of the methods typically utilized in older homes that are still effective today. We have become so reliant on air conditioning and heating that we sometimes forget to take advantage of the inherent good design found in our historic homes. As the weather gets more pleasant this fall, consider taking a few steps to operate your historic house more energy efficiently, and save some money in the process.