With so many options for discounted multifunction marine electronics, how do you decide which system is right for you? Here are a few pointers about features to look for in basic models and what additional features you can expect in more expensive marine GPS electronics.

Select the Type of GPS You Want

When it comes to marine GPS, you can choose between a handheld unit, a combo GPS/chart plotter or a standard GPS receiver that will be hooked to your computer. Each has its own advantages and drawbacks.

If you are looking for an accurate, but inexpensive GPS unit that can be used on and off the boat, then consider a handheld GPS with basic features. On-board marine electronics often include GPS receivers as an integrated package. You can find combo GPS fish finders, chart plotters, radars and other marine GPS combos.

Think of the Environment

In this case, the environment you and your GPS will be in. On the open water you are exposed to very bright sun, making it hard to read all but the brightest displays. Even on calm days you may experience choppy waters that will interfere with your balance. At times like this a handheld GPS with a small screen may be hard to read. What’s more, their small controls will be hard to manipulate when you are struggling to maintain your balance. If you do a lot of sailing on rough water, then consider a GPS or GPS combo that has a large display and large control knobs for easy navigation on bobbing waves.

If you have a small boat, finding shaded or below-deck space for a computer to link to the standard GPS might present a problem. Keep in mind that computer screens are not designed to be viewed in direct sunlight. Another consideration when selecting the best marine GPS for your boat is how much dashboard space you have. For a small boat and dash look for marine electronics that can be expanded in the future to incorporate other devices in a single display. For larger boats with a spacious dash, consider whether you want to load the dash up with multiple displays or if you prefer one integrated model that presents a large, high resolution viewing area. If you have a large boat it might make sense to have more than one display for your fish finder, GPS navigation and radar.

Figure Out What Else You Want Your GPS to Do

Nowadays, even the most basic budget GPS models are highly accurate and capable of storing thousands of points of interest. It might be all that you need. On the other hand, if you are into fishing, you might consider a GPS/fish finder combo. A GPS/ chart plotter multifunction unit might be especially useful to boaters.

If you are not certain whether you need some of the features, check if the marine GPS unit you consider buying offers expansion capabilities. For example, a fairly budget-friendly Si-Tex ColorMax 5 and ColorMax 7 are both basic marine GPS/chart plotter combos that can be expanded to integrate fish finder, radar and other marine electronics components.

Decide What Features You Can Do Without

Many marine GPS units are now heavily loaded with additional features. Some might be very useful while others might turn out to be nothing but costly detractors. Decide for yourself whether you need your multifunction GPS to play MP3′s, synch with your Bluetooth headset for hands-free navigation, or provide live weather updates. Compare features offered on different models at your price point. Are you paying for a high resolution display, the ability to upgrade with additional marine electronics or additional features that you will never use?

There are many good GPS marine electronics on the market. Choosing the right one is a balance between understanding what features are available, knowing your own boating needs, and comparison shopping for GPS marine electronics in your price range. 

Autopilots The first self-steering gear was introduced in the 1920′s to control model yachts but it was not until 1948 that the principle was applied to full scale yachts. Standing at the helm for lengthy periods, monitoring instruments and keeping a good look out can be very tiring. An autopilot relieves the helmsman from steering the correct course leaving him free to maintain a proper watch. The autopilot can be set to either steer a compass course or a course relative to the wind. A fluxgate compass or electronic wind indicator feeds information to a microprocessor which then makes the necessary rudder movements to return the vessel to it’s required course. The mechanical power is applied to the rudder by either electric linear activators, hydraulic pumps or rotary drives. GPS/Chart plotters can be used to input navigational instructions to the autopilot.

Battery Chargers will keep batteries fully charged thereby extending their working life.

Chart Plotters Typically a chart plotter consists of an antenna, mounted high on the boat, to track GPS signals and a display unit sited either at the at the navigation station or the helm of the vessel. The vessels position is sent from the antenna to the display unit which in turn shows it graphically on the chart. The Chart itself will look similar to it’s paper equivalent and show depth, land mass, navigational aids such as bouys and potential dangers in the form of wrecks and obstructions. The user can add way points to the chart and zoom in and out of the display. Chart plotters can be connected to drive an autopilot and/or send GPS data to a fish finder or radar. They can also interface with a laptop enabling complex passage planning to be done away from the boat and then entered into the chart plotter after arriving at the boat.

Magnetic Transmitting Compasses work like traditional compasses using magnets to determine the vessels orientation to the earth’s magnetic field they then transmit the boats heading to an electronic display. They make steering easier than with conventional compasses because they display steadier headings and do not suffer from the “lag” that occurs when making a turn. They can interface with chart plotters, autopilots and radar. Fluxgate Compasses consist of two pieces of readily saturated magnetic material with coils wound round them in opposing directions. AC current is passed through the coils and the material is saturated in one direction and then the other. The earth’s magnetic field affects slightly the time at which saturation occurs, earlier in one coil and later in the other. The difference is then calculated giving an output proportional to the earth’s magnetic field. They are accurate to 0.1 of a degree. Their output can be displayed digitally to the helmsman or they can interface with autopilots, chart plotters and radar.

Echo Sounders work on the same principle as sonar. A transducer emits a narrow beam of  high frequency sound. This is reflected by any solid objects and the time between transmission and receipt of the echo is measured. The speed of sound through water is know and so the range or distance to the sea bed can be calculated. That is then displayed in metres. Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) enables you to see the underwater hazards before you’re actually on top of them. A typical range for a FLS is 150 metres.

An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a piece of equipment designed to float free of a vessel in distress. It then sends a radio signal that can be detected by Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) satellites. They relay a message to a ground station that in turn can instigate a search and rescue operation.

Fish Finders use the same technology as sonar. A narrow beam of high frequency sound is transmitted by a transducer, this is reflected by solid objects such as the sea bed. By developing this technology fishfinders provide displays that show where the fish are and they can differentiate between bait fish and larger species

Global Positioning System (GPS Receivers) – This system was originally designed for military purposes and is owned and operated by the United States Department of Defence. 24 satellites are arranged in a “birdcage” around the globe, they are positioned in such a way that at any place on the earth’s surface a direct line of sight can be established to a minimum of 4 satellites. A fix is obtained by measuring accurately the distance between a satellite and the GPS receiver at a precise time. Because the exact position of the satellite is known, these distances provide position lines which are converted by a microprocessor within the GPS receiver to read outs of latitude and longitude.

The log is used to measure the boats speed through the water. A paddle wheel or impeller, mounted below the waterline is turned by the flow of water, this generates electrical impulses that are fed to a microprocessor that displays both speed and distance run.

Inverters – On most boats today you will find domestic equipment of one sort or another. For on board entertainment there are televisions and stereo systems. With the popularity of chart plotters comes the PC or laptop. Maintenance often requires the use of power tools. Liveaboards might have a washing machine, dishwasher or microwave. Can take 12v, 24v or 48v supply and convert it to a stable 110 v or 220v AC supply.

Navtex can perhaps best be described as a continuously updated telex service providing navigation and weather information within specified areas. An on board receiver, tuned to 518kHz, the worldwide Navtex frequency, if left turned on will either print out or display the latest massages sent from a local station. The service is available up to 400 miles from the coast.

Radar enables you to see what otherwise would be invisible. They offer greatest benefit at night and in fog or rain and are of particular value when close to shore or in busy shipping lanes. They consist of an antenna and a display. The antenna sends out a stream of RF energy which is reflected back off hard objects. When this energy is bounced back it is converted to a signal which displayed to the user. The antenna rotates every few seconds, the display continuously calculates the direction of the antenna and so a precise bearing to the target is calculated. The time is measured for the energy to be reflected and so the distance of the target is also displayed.

Satellite Phones consist of an antenna, a modem and a normal handset. They are powered by an iridium battery. Their range is anywhere covered by in Inmarsat Mini-M satellite. Voice, fax, email and data can be transmitted.

Satellite TV requires an antenna and of course a television. Reception is available within a “footprint” which is based on EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of a transmitting satellite. The EUTELSAT together with the two ASTRA satellites cover Europe. NILESAT and the two ARABSATs cover Africa and the Middle East. Good coverage is also available in North, Central and Southern America.

SSB Radio has a range of several thousand miles. You will need an FFC license, or the equivalent in whichever country you plan to operate it. Power consumption is a consideration. Up to 100 Watts may be required for transmission. SSB radio requires several items of equipment. A transceiver capable of SSB operation, An antenna, this must be 8 metres long and in practice most boats use a backstay or shroud for the purpose having fitted the necessary insulators. An antenna tuner matched to the transceiver model. If you want to send email you will also need and radio modem and computer.

VHF Radio The power required to transmit is minimal, all sets have the option of transmitting on either 1 Watt or 25 Watts and the lower power should be used whenever possible. Unlike telephones that allow you to both talk and hear at the same time most VHF sets require you to press a transmit button prior to talking. This is known as simplex. Duplex sets are available but are much more expensive. VHF radio waves travel in straight lines so the aerial should be mounted as high as possible, preferably at the masthead.

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Gadgets are getting smaller, and capacities are getting larger. Power clarity and intelligibility increases every year. Everything now is customizable to be tailored to your particular usage preference. The acceptance of certain consumer preference standards is a big change in the way data is transferred between different manufacturers’ units. As far as the “best” changes in the past five years, it is believed live other works’ video data and standard target information are the new building blocks for future integrated helms.

It is sure that we will soon see customized consumer usage visibility reports added to the knowledge of the manufacturers’ armory for producing better and better. Of course it is nice to know where best raw material is available for a particular electronic product manufacturing, its size and its density prior to leaving the dock to that destination to acquire those materials. Welcome new enhancements would be really small chips.

Smaller and more powerful technology (power equals integration) and newer all weather technologies are boosting manufacturers’ confidence.

Geographical Information System’s boom has spelled revolution for electronics goods in military and navigation technologies’ sphere. Redundancy and backup system engineering is starting to push its way into the forefront. Manufacturers are realizing that if a 0 GPS sensor becomes defective, it will take down their ,000 integrated multidisplay nav systems. Current trends are allowing multiple GPS sensors to be connected to an integrated system, with automatic changeover should the primary GPS sensor fail.

Other trends or changes include digital radar (be it HD or Super HD), which absolutely increases radar performance in heavy, wet fog or storm cell downpours. The Automatic Gain, Sea Clutter and Rain Clutter settings of these new digital radars are so good that even if an operator elects to manually tune the radar set, the increase in image enhancement is minimal at best.

The emergence of thermal and low-light-enhancement night vision systems in the recreational market is helping to extend cruising confidence when the day goes a little long and the skipper is faced with returning to port after sunset. The video images of the Generation 4 night vision systems are nothing short of phenomenal.

But on one side while technology is giving boosts through more and more research works, price rise is often creating hindrances. Swelling prices for major materials, including plastics, steel and copper, contributed to the company’s losses. Notably, the production costs of DVD players increased 5 to 10 percent in the first quarter of 2005 compared to the fourth quarter of 2004, due to the rising prices of major materials.

In an example of the impact of rising costs, Siemens recently increased the retail prices of its refrigerators sold in China. Boosting the sales prices of products is a possible way to cope with rising costs, but this typically results in lower market share. Thus, the major makers are cautious about raising prices for their end products.

Manufacturers are studying how to cope with such issues over the long term. Most manufacturers are improving their internal management structures while striving to accelerate the development of new products. Furthermore, international makers are reconstructing their corporate structures and promoting internal reforms.

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For safe and comfortable sea journeys, it is recommended that one has all the essential marine electronics required. These may include equipments for power, navigation, communication and entertainment purpose.

In case of navigation, there are many useful <a rel=”nofollow” onclick=”javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/outgoing/article_exit_link']);” href=”http://www.pysystems.ca/”><b>boat electronics</b></a> which help in ensuring safe voyages across the sea. Some of these are extremely important for safe journey. Autopilot controls and GPS plotter are must-haves. Whereas, radars and satellite weather systems are also essential.

5 useful boat electronics are listed below:

GPS

Global Positioning System is a space-based global navigation satellite system. It relays information to GPS receivers irrespective of weather conditions. GPS receivers receive time and location information at all times. For marine environments, GPS is used in collaboration with other marine electronics for navigational purpose and directional use on sea.

Chartplotter

It is another important marine device which is used with GPS. It helps in integrating the data from GPS and plotting it on Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC). They also work in tandem with other navigation electronics like Automatic Information Systems and Radar systems. It is also useful in displaying important information like direction of the ship, location of the ship and its speed.

Autopilot

It is a device which helps in running vehicles, ships, boats, and aircrafts on automatic pilot system without any manual help needed. In marine environments, boats and yachts may require autopilots especially on straight routes to help sailors and shipmen unwind.

Satellite Weather System

There are satellite-based weather systems which offer down linking of weather information using satellite weather receiving systems. These are helpful in sea voyages and sea travel to avoid facing bad weather conditions mid journey.

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

It is another vital marine system for navigation purpose. It translates information about your boat and its whereabouts to other boats and there location specifications to your boat.

If you own a large boat with plenty of dashboard space you might have room to house a chart plotter, a sounder and fish finder all separately. Single function marine electronics can sometimes offer more features than a multifunction unit containing several different electronic functions for your marine adventures.  But even if your boat’s dashboard is large enough, consider the benefits of combining multiple electronics into a single multifunction marine system.

First, you free up space on the boat’s dashboard. This is especially useful for smaller boats that cannot accommodate multiple screens for multiple gadgets. More importantly, multi-layered marine electronic functions are seamlessly integrated so that you take advantage of the information provided by say, your fish finder, and overlay that on the information provided by your chart plotter or GPS device. For example, you can easily mark waypoints for great fish finds.  You can also combine accurate contour information of the lake, river or sea bed provided with your GPS device with the sounding and fish finding capability to more effectively probe the best places to fish.

You might also be able to integrate inputs from other standalone marine electronics that use standard NMEA interfaces into your multifunction display for improved situational awareness. For example, if you subscribe to a weather service you can combine weather feeds with GPS and chart plotter functions to avoid bad weather before you get out to mid-water. 

One important feature of a multifunction unit is the ability to combine radar inputs of potential obstacles with maps and visuals provided by chart plotters and marine GPS electronics. This will allow you to navigate with precision even in fog and poor visibility conditions. Radar and GPS signals are not impeded by fog or darkness, nor are they limited by the range of human vision. Combining radar signals with precise GPS technology gives you a powerful navigation aid in any kind of weather.

When shopping for discount marine electronics don’t limit yourself to fish finding and chart plotting. Many multifunction displays combine audio and video inputs to support playing DVDs on glare proof screens with sharp display capabilities and superb audio quality.  There are a variety of discount multifunction marine electronics systems on the market combining navigation, cartography and instrumentation with multimedia entertainment systems, often with touch screen capabilities that make them super easy to use.

Generally multifunction marine electronics systems provide a level of configurability and customization so you control what you see on the display. Look for systems that are extensible- meaning you can add components to them in the future – allowing you to keep control of your budget without limiting your options. Also look for screens that allow you to change resolution settings and provide anti-glare properties for use in strong sunlight.

Investing in multifunction marine electronic systems allows you to truly make the most of your time on the water and catch up on the latest movie releases or play some great music and sit back and relax while the autopilot routes you to the place with the best fish.

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The history of the computer inevitably includes the development of electronics, we look at the explosive (!) growth of electronics in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

If anything could be said in favor of war, it may be that it speeds up the development of technology. Of course much of that technology is employed in killing people and destroying infrastructure, but there are also things which could be considered beneficial.

Electronics was around in the early part of the 20th Century, wireless, or radio, was in its infancy at the time of the first world war. Radio broadcasting came into prominence in the ’20s and 30′s, Television started in the ’30′s.

The second world war, from 1939 in Europe, and a couple of years later involving the USA, ended in 1945. Radar (Radio Aid To Detection And Ranging) was developed from early experiments, just prior to the war, in Britain and Germany. There was rapid development in the field, and, by the end of the war, Radar was being used in several fields.

Aircraft Navigation – Using ground transmitters in sets of 3, widely spaced, to give an aircraft using a receiver a method of pinpointing its position. This is a similar system to that used in gps today, substituting satellites for the ground stations.

Targeting – A beam was transmitted from a Radar station in England so that it intercepted a target in Germany. An aircraft could fly along the beam, guided by signals, dots or dashes, if it strayed off the beam, left or right. Known as flying on the beam.

Interception – a series of ground stations around the South-East coast of England, feeding into a central control room, where their tracks could be displayed, significantly assisted in the Battle of Britain (1940).

Airborne Interception (AI) – Developed towards the end of the war, used a Tranceiver (transmitter/receiver) in a night fighter to find a target in the dark, or bad weather, and track it to within firing range.

Beacon – A tranceiver was located at the end of a runway so that ground staff could guide a returning aircraft to land in bad weather, this became more and more sophisticated, developing into GCA or Ground Controlled Approach.

Shipping – radar equipped vessels could track other vessels in darkness or fog, whether peacefully or aggressively.

Many other sytems were developed or initiated in that 6 year period. Knowledge of electronics, and what it could be used for vastly increased. In parallel with the development of radar, other fields of electronics were also advancing, under pressure from the requirement to improve the technology.

Long range guns on ships or in the field needed to be aimed accurately. The calculations required in ballistics to aim a gun so that you can hit the target, or aim a V2 rocket so that it hits London from continental Europe, are phenomenal.

This, then was the scene at the end of the war. We knew how to tackle large calculations with speed, and we had developed a new concept in electronics, Pulse Technology. This is so called because radar uses short pulses of high energy, for two main reasons.

1. The pulses can be coded. For example, in the Navigation example we looked at, 3 ground stations transmit a signal whose source needs to be identified. One transmitter could transmit a series of single pulses spaced say 10 milliseconds. A second could transmit a pair of pulses at 10 millisecond spacing, and the third 3 pulses. A chart would tell the navigator where the pulse sets were transmitted from, and the distances obtained from the radar set used to locate the position on the chart.

2. The power, or strength, of the signal. A continuous radio signal, like a radio broadcast, takes a given amount of power. However, a 1 millisecond pulse every 10 milliseconds, uses only one tenth of the power, on average. So a radar transmitter can have a much greater range for the same power. This is is especially important in a primary (transmit and receive) radar system, where we must detect the reflection of the signal we transmit. Likewise a secondary (receive) radar system, for example the navigation system above, will have a bigger range.

Next we will look at how early computers were now possible due to these developments.

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So you’ve found the perfect boat. Now you’re ready to outfit it with boating electronics. Choosing from amoung the vast array of units is great but may at times seem overwhelming.

Much will depend on the type of boater you are and the type of electronics you use in general. Can you read charts and the stars, or will you only want the best in electronic navigation? Do you plan to leave all civilization behind when on the boat or do you want a phone and email contact? Do you have a favored boat electronics brand, or would you rather cherry pick the best from several different brands? Know yourself, your boating plans, and your general attitude toward electronic gadgetry, and you’ll have an easier time choosing how to outfit your boat.

Picking the most suitable boating electronics can not only make your boating trips more fun and your fishing more productive, but it  can be important to your safety as well in the event of an emergency. Learning to use your electronic equipment is equally as important as choosing it. And that means you’ll have to take the time to learn how to use the equipment whether it’s from instructional videos, manuals, or having someone show you how to use it.

Furthermore, you need to know how to use other navigation methods if your electronic navigation system fails. Knowing how to read charts and plan your course is still an important skill. With that in mind, here are 6 tips for choosing your boat electronics.

1. Amoung the boating electronics you should choose is the AIS or automatic identification system. It is used by boats and by the Vessel Traffic Services to find and identify boats. Your automatic identification system gear is the most important electronic device you’ll buy. It permitts vessels to exchange electronic information including position, identification, and course. Vessel Traffic Services stations cause your vessel to show up on computer screens if you have an AIS transponder. If you have an emergency or should become lost this is critical.

2. A GPS system is another important piece of boat electronics your boat should have. One of the more popular choices is for a multifunction display that puts several different instruments onto one screen. Mutifunction displays can even allow you to run radar, GPS and fish finder data on one screen at the same time. They are also relatively easy to expand for other functions and displays.

3. When choosing a display remember that the larger it is the better you will be able to see it. And keep in mind that on a boat, viewing conditions can be far from optimal due to sun glare, storms, and swells. You should choose at least a 7″ display, but if there is room and it will fit your budget a 10″ or 12″ will be much better.

4. If you are interested in on-board entertainment, you can coordinate your display for several peripheral boat electronics. They can be connected to satellite television receivers, DVD players, music systems, and some computer devices. These are great extras to have, but don’t get them at the expense of choosing inferior safety equipment. And make sure that all your navigation equipment is mounted where it access is easy.

5. Another good investment in the safety of your boat is a depth sounder or fishfinder. If the weather turns bad, a depth sounder combined with your GPS plotter can help get you safely back to shore.

6.There is an ever changing selection of marine electronics products made available for the boating industry. There are now laptop computers designed specifically for use in boats. These computers do what standard laptops do, but they can also be loaded with special software like RayTech RNS 6.1, which allows multi-format charting, hsb2 electronics integration, and worldwide tides and currents among its many functions.

In summary, your AIS device, GPS plotter, and depth sounder are the most critical pieces of boat electronics for your vessel because they pertain to your safety and the safety of your passengers. Have these pieces in place first, and if it’s in your budget, there are plenty of extras you can add in the way of entertainment equipment and fish finding devices that you can have fun with.

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With a range of hand held GPS devices and a line of marine electronics that carry their tradition of navigation assistance to the marine market, Garmin is a name that is widely associated with GPS systems. They start at 9.99 and go up to 9.99. Garmin also makes a number of chart plotters with bright four inch QVGA color displays with high speed design for faster map drawing and panning. The chart plotters cost from 9.99 to 9.99. This price range puts Garmin right in the middle of all other brands prices.

Along with Chart plotters and GPS navigation systems, Garmin also makes VHF marine radios with features that make them an easy fit to your marine safety package. The Garmin VHF 100 has up to 25 watts of power so that you can make contact regardless of where you are on the water. The VHF 100 has Class D Digital Selective Calling (DSC) capability and can give out distress calls with one click of a button. Boats that have a compatible GPS plotter can use the VHF 100 as a mayday signaling devise which will broadcast the boats location. NOAA weather alerts and position tracking are also a feature of this radio along with the ability to track your friends who are out on their boats in your area.

Also made by Garmin are the VHF 300 AIS, VHF 300 and VHF 200. For 35 foot or larger boats the 300 AIS is designed to monitor all Automatic Identification System channels simultaneously, guaranteeing you never miss a transmission. The AIS 600 transceiver is also available. It’s a device that allows you to receive AIS target data and transmit your vessel information to other AIS receivers in your vicinity.

The GPH 10, an easy to use autopilot system, is the first in a line of auto guided navigation by Garmin. This devise has patented Shadow Drive technology that allows the boaters to maintain control when relying on the autopilot system. There is an automatic Normal 0 disengagement if the helm is turned so that the operator can maneuver the craft. When holding a steady course it automatically re-engages. As many as three controllers for this autopilot system may be had for controll in multiple locations on the boat.

The TR1 Gold Marine Autopilot is sold only in North America and makes available autopilot on small gasoline outboard boats with motors up to 20 hp. It’s the first true autopilot designed for smaller boats that are used for trolling or fishing. It can be set so that it holds its position against wind, current, or waves, and with the optional wireless remote, it gives control over steering and throttle control from anywhere on board.

Garmin also makes fish finders, sounders, radar, and marine networking equipment in its stable of marine electronics products. Garmin has been making navigation and communication equipment since 1989, and is based on vertical integration, meaning that the company designs, manufactures, and markets their own products. Garmin also makes automotive and aviation navigation electronics as well as fitness, recreation and smart phone applications that bring GPS technologies to as many applications as possible.

Autopilots The first self-steering gear was introduced in the 1920′s to control model yachts but it was not until 1948 that the principle was applied to full scale yachts. Standing at the helm for lengthy periods, monitoring instruments and keeping a good look out can be very tiring. An autopilot relieves the helmsman from steering the correct course leaving him free to maintain a proper watch. The autopilot can be set to either steer a compass course or a course relative to the wind. A fluxgate compass or electronic wind indicator feeds information to a microprocessor which then makes the necessary rudder movements to return the vessel to it’s required course. The mechanical power is applied to the rudder by either electric linear activators, hydraulic pumps or rotary drives. GPS/Chart plotters can be used to input navigational instructions to the autopilot.

Battery Chargers will keep batteries fully charged thereby extending their working life.

Chart Plotters Typically a chart plotter consists of an antenna, mounted high on the boat, to track GPS signals and a display unit sited either at the at the navigation station or the helm of the vessel. The vessels position is sent from the antenna to the display unit which in turn shows it graphically on the chart. The Chart itself will look similar to it’s paper equivalent and show depth, land mass, navigational aids such as bouys and potential dangers in the form of wrecks and obstructions. The user can add way points to the chart and zoom in and out of the display. Chart plotters can be connected to drive an autopilot and/or send GPS data to a fish finder or radar. They can also interface with a laptop enabling complex passage planning to be done away from the boat and then entered into the chart plotter after arriving at the boat.

Magnetic Transmitting Compasses work like traditional compasses using magnets to determine the vessels orientation to the earth’s magnetic field they then transmit the boats heading to an electronic display. They make steering easier than with conventional compasses because they display steadier headings and do not suffer from the “lag” that occurs when making a turn. They can interface with chart plotters, autopilots and radar. Fluxgate Compasses consist of two pieces of readily saturated magnetic material with coils wound round them in opposing directions. AC current is passed through the coils and the material is saturated in one direction and then the other. The earth’s magnetic field affects slightly the time at which saturation occurs, earlier in one coil and later in the other. The difference is then calculated giving an output proportional to the earth’s magnetic field. They are accurate to 0.1 of a degree. Their output can be displayed digitally to the helmsman or they can interface with autopilots, chart plotters and radar.

Echo Sounders work on the same principle as sonar. A transducer emits a narrow beam of high frequency sound. This is reflected by any solid objects and the time between transmission and receipt of the echo is measured. The speed of sound through water is know and so the range or distance to the sea bed can be calculated. That is then displayed in metres. Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) enables you to see the underwater hazards before you’re actually on top of them. A typical range for a FLS is 150 metres.

An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a piece of equipment designed to float free of a vessel in distress. It then sends a radio signal that can be detected by Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) satellites. They relay a message to a ground station that in turn can instigate a search and rescue operation.

Fish Finders use the same technology as sonar. A narrow beam of high frequency sound is transmitted by a transducer, this is reflected by solid objects such as the sea bed. By developing this technology fishfinders provide displays that show where the fish are and they can differentiate between bait fish and larger species

Global Positioning System (GPS Receivers) – This system was originally designed for military purposes and is owned and operated by the United States Department of Defence. 24 satellites are arranged in a “birdcage” around the globe, they are positioned in such a way that at any place on the earth’s surface a direct line of sight can be established to a minimum of 4 satellites. A fix is obtained by measuring accurately the distance between a satellite and the GPS receiver at a precise time. Because the exact position of the satellite is known, these distances provide position lines which are converted by a microprocessor within the GPS receiver to read outs of latitude and longitude.

The log is used to measure the boats speed through the water. A paddle wheel or impeller, mounted below the waterline is turned by the flow of water, this generates electrical impulses that are fed to a microprocessor that displays both speed and distance run.

Inverters – On most boats today you will find domestic equipment of one sort or another. For on board entertainment there are televisions and stereo systems. With the popularity of chart plotters comes the PC or laptop. Maintenance often requires the use of power tools. Liveaboards might have a washing machine, dishwasher or microwave. Can take 12v, 24v or 48v supply and convert it to a stable 110 v or 220v AC supply.

Navtex can perhaps best be described as a continuously updated telex service providing navigation and weather information within specified areas. An on board receiver, tuned to 518kHz, the worldwide Navtex frequency, if left turned on will either print out or display the latest massages sent from a local station. The service is available up to 400 miles from the coast.

Radar enables you to see what otherwise would be invisible. They offer greatest benefit at night and in fog or rain and are of particular value when close to shore or in busy shipping lanes. They consist of an antenna and a display. The antenna sends out a stream of RF energy which is reflected back off hard objects. When this energy is bounced back it is converted to a signal which displayed to the user. The antenna rotates every few seconds, the display continuously calculates the direction of the antenna and so a precise bearing to the target is calculated. The time is measured for the energy to be reflected and so the distance of the target is also displayed.

Satellite Phones consist of an antenna, a modem and a normal handset. They are powered by an iridium battery. Their range is anywhere covered by in Inmarsat Mini-M satellite. Voice, fax, email and data can be transmitted.

Satellite TV requires an antenna and of course a television. Reception is available within a “footprint” which is based on EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of a transmitting satellite. The EUTELSAT together with the two ASTRA satellites cover Europe. NILESAT and the two ARABSATs cover Africa and the Middle East. Good coverage is also available in North, Central and Southern America.

SSB Radio has a range of several thousand miles. You will need an FFC license, or the equivalent in whichever country you plan to operate it. Power consumption is a consideration. Up to 100 Watts may be required for transmission. SSB radio requires several items of equipment. A transceiver capable of SSB operation, An antenna, this must be 8 metres long and in practice most boats use a backstay or shroud for the purpose having fitted the necessary insulators. An antenna tuner matched to the transceiver model. If you want to send email you will also need and radio modem and computer.

VHF Radio The power required to transmit is minimal, all sets have the option of transmitting on either 1 Watt or 25 Watts and the lower power should be used whenever possible. Unlike telephones that allow you to both talk and hear at the same time most VHF sets require you to press a transmit button prior to talking. This is known as simplex. Duplex sets are available but are much more expensive. VHF radio waves travel in straight lines so the aerial should be mounted as high as possible, preferably at the masthead.

Autopilots The first self-steering gear was introduced in the 1920′s to control model yachts but it was not until 1948 that the principle was applied to full scale yachts. Standing at the helm for lengthy periods, monitoring instruments and keeping a good look out can be very tiring. An autopilot relieves the helmsman from steering the correct course leaving him free to maintain a proper watch. The autopilot can be set to either steer a compass course or a course relative to the wind. A fluxgate compass or electronic wind indicator feeds information to a microprocessor which then makes the necessary rudder movements to return the vessel to it’s required course. The mechanical power is applied to the rudder by either electric linear activators, hydraulic pumps or rotary drives. GPS/Chart plotters can be used to input navigational instructions to the autopilot.

Battery Chargers will keep batteries fully charged thereby extending their working life.

Chart Plotters Typically a chart plotter consists of an antenna, mounted high on the boat, to track GPS signals and a display unit sited either at the at the navigation station or the helm of the vessel. The vessels position is sent from the antenna to the display unit which in turn shows it graphically on the chart. The Chart itself will look similar to it’s paper equivalent and show depth, land mass, navigational aids such as bouys and potential dangers in the form of wrecks and obstructions. The user can add way points to the chart and zoom in and out of the display. Chart plotters can be connected to drive an autopilot and/or send GPS data to a fish finder or radar. They can also interface with a laptop enabling complex passage planning to be done away from the boat and then entered into the chart plotter after arriving at the boat.

Magnetic Transmitting Compasses work like traditional compasses using magnets to determine the vessels orientation to the earth’s magnetic field they then transmit the boats heading to an electronic display. They make steering easier than with conventional compasses because they display steadier headings and do not suffer from the “lag” that occurs when making a turn. They can interface with chart plotters, autopilots and radar. Fluxgate Compasses consist of two pieces of readily saturated magnetic material with coils wound round them in opposing directions. AC current is passed through the coils and the material is saturated in one direction and then the other. The earth’s magnetic field affects slightly the time at which saturation occurs, earlier in one coil and later in the other. The difference is then calculated giving an output proportional to the earth’s magnetic field. They are accurate to 0.1 of a degree. Their output can be displayed digitally to the helmsman or they can interface with autopilots, chart plotters and radar.

Echo Sounders work on the same principle as sonar. A transducer emits a narrow beam of high frequency sound. This is reflected by any solid objects and the time between transmission and receipt of the echo is measured. The speed of sound through water is know and so the range or distance to the sea bed can be calculated. That is then displayed in metres. Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) enables you to see the underwater hazards before you’re actually on top of them. A typical range for a FLS is 150 metres.

An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a piece of equipment designed to float free of a vessel in distress. It then sends a radio signal that can be detected by Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) satellites. They relay a message to a ground station that in turn can instigate a search and rescue operation.

Fish Finders use the same technology as sonar. A narrow beam of high frequency sound is transmitted by a transducer, this is reflected by solid objects such as the sea bed. By developing this technology fishfinders provide displays that show where the fish are and they can differentiate between bait fish and larger species

Global Positioning System (GPS Receivers) – This system was originally designed for military purposes and is owned and operated by the United States Department of Defence. 24 satellites are arranged in a “birdcage” around the globe, they are positioned in such a way that at any place on the earth’s surface a direct line of sight can be established to a minimum of 4 satellites. A fix is obtained by measuring accurately the distance between a satellite and the GPS receiver at a precise time. Because the exact position of the satellite is known, these distances provide position lines which are converted by a microprocessor within the GPS receiver to read outs of latitude and longitude.

The log is used to measure the boats speed through the water. A paddle wheel or impeller, mounted below the waterline is turned by the flow of water, this generates electrical impulses that are fed to a microprocessor that displays both speed and distance run.

Inverters – On most boats today you will find domestic equipment of one sort or another. For on board entertainment there are televisions and stereo systems. With the popularity of chart plotters comes the PC or laptop. Maintenance often requires the use of power tools. Liveaboards might have a washing machine, dishwasher or microwave. Can take 12v, 24v or 48v supply and convert it to a stable 110 v or 220v AC supply.

Navtex can perhaps best be described as a continuously updated telex service providing navigation and weather information within specified areas. An on board receiver, tuned to 518kHz, the worldwide Navtex frequency, if left turned on will either print out or display the latest massages sent from a local station. The service is available up to 400 miles from the coast.

Radar enables you to see what otherwise would be invisible. They offer greatest benefit at night and in fog or rain and are of particular value when close to shore or in busy shipping lanes. They consist of an antenna and a display. The antenna sends out a stream of RF energy which is reflected back off hard objects. When this energy is bounced back it is converted to a signal which displayed to the user. The antenna rotates every few seconds, the display continuously calculates the direction of the antenna and so a precise bearing to the target is calculated. The time is measured for the energy to be reflected and so the distance of the target is also displayed.

Satellite Phones consist of an antenna, a modem and a normal handset. They are powered by an iridium battery. Their range is anywhere covered by in Inmarsat Mini-M satellite. Voice, fax, email and data can be transmitted.

Satellite TV requires an antenna and of course a television. Reception is available within a “footprint” which is based on EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of a transmitting satellite. The EUTELSAT together with the two ASTRA satellites cover Europe. NILESAT and the two ARABSATs cover Africa and the Middle East. Good coverage is also available in North, Central and Southern America.

SSB Radio has a range of several thousand miles. You will need an FFC license, or the equivalent in whichever country you plan to operate it. Power consumption is a consideration. Up to 100 Watts may be required for transmission. SSB radio requires several items of equipment. A transceiver capable of SSB operation, An antenna, this must be 8 metres long and in practice most boats use a backstay or shroud for the purpose having fitted the necessary insulators. An antenna tuner matched to the transceiver model. If you want to send email you will also need and radio modem and computer.

VHF Radio The power required to transmit is minimal, all sets have the option of transmitting on either 1 Watt or 25 Watts and the lower power should be used whenever possible. Unlike telephones that allow you to both talk and hear at the same time most VHF sets require you to press a transmit button prior to talking. This is known as simplex. Duplex sets are available but are much more expensive. VHF radio waves travel in straight lines so the aerial should be mounted as high as possible, preferably at the masthead.